Martin Whitman's rule of thumb for valuation of stocks
Here are Martin Whitman's ( a legendary value investor) rule of thumb for evaluation of stocks:
1. Financial-services companies and depositories: Stated book value.
2. Small banks: 80% of book value.
3. Mortgage portfolio: Calculate yield to maturity and perform credit analysis.
4. Financial-guaranty insurers: Adjusted book value - a publicly disclosed number that is book value plus the equity in the present value of certain future premiums.
5. Insurance companies: Adjusted book value.
6. Real estate companies: Private appraisal value or market value.
7. Real Estate (REITs): Appraisal value or discounted present value of cash flow from operations.
6. Broker/dealer and asset managers: Tangible book value plus 2% of AUM.
7. Operating companies: 10 times peak earnings or below "net asset value."
8. Tech companies: 2 times book value, less than 10 times peak earnings, 2 times revenue and cash larger than the book value of all liabilities.
Read the whole article by Brian Zen here.
What will be of interest to us are the rules for valuation of banks and tech companies. I have been searching for a reliable method for valuation of banks based on Shankar's comments on valuation of banking stocks though have not come across anything reliable so far.